Sub-base vs Base-Course — What's the Difference?
A road cross-section consists, from the bottom up, of natural ground, fill, sub-base, base course and finally the asphalt wearing course. Sub-base and base course are the load-bearing layers that distribute traffic loads down to the subgrade.
Sub-base is typically coarser-grained and serves a more economical fill role, providing drainage and a stable platform for the layers above.
Base course has a tighter gradation and higher strength requirements. Sitting directly under the asphalt, it carries the bulk of the mechanical stress imposed by traffic.